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Diagnosis of diseases based on examination of
individual cells and small clusters of cells, called cytology or
cytopathology, has become increasingly important in cancer
diagnosis. While the pieces of tissue in biopsy samples may be as small
as 1/16 inch or much larger (several inches), the individual cells and
the cell clusters in cytology samples are placed in fluid and are
usually too small to see without a microscope. Sometimes, only one drop
of blood or tissue fluid is taken. On the other hand, some pleural fluid
or peritoneal fluid cytology samples may include a quart or more of
fluid.
A cytology specimen usually is easier to
obtain, causes less discomfort to the patient, is less likely to result
in serious complications, and is less expensive than a tissue biopsy.
The disadvantage is that a biopsy result is more accurate.
Cytology tests may be used in two ways --
for diagnosis or for screening. Diagnostic tests are used for people who
have signs, symptoms, or some other indication that a particular disease
such as cancer is likely to be present. The purpose of a diagnostic test
is to determine if a disease is present and, if so, to classify it
precisely and accurately. A screening test is used to identify people
who might have a certain disease even before they develop symptoms of
that condition. A
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA): FNA
is sometimes considered a cytology test and is sometimes called a
biopsy.
Additional Information
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"Malignant Pleural Therapy: Intrapleural Therapy,"
Daniel L. Miller, MD, Assoc. Prof. of Surgery,
Emory University
and Clinic, Atlanta,
Georgia. Presented at MARF conference in Las Vegas, Oct. 7, 2005
Immunohistochemistry in the distinction between malignant
mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a critical evaluation of
new antibodies (10/14/02)) |
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